Chesapeake Bay Assessment Details Continued Poor Ecosystem Health
Key Indicators Highlight Restoration Challenges, Successes throughout Watershed
Annapolis, Md. (April 3, 2008) - The Chesapeake Bay Program today released its Chesapeake Bay 2007 Health and Restoration Assessment, a four-part snapshot of health conditions and restoration efforts in the Bay and its watershed. The assessment indicates that the overall health of the Bay remained degraded in 2007. Despite the extensive actions of Bay partners to combat factors slowing restoration progress, the Bay Program is still far short of most restoration goals.
Of the key indicators of Bay health, the assessment shows that just 12 percent of the Bay and its tidal tributaries met dissolved oxygen standards during the summer. Bay grasses (SAV) increased to nearly 65,000 acres, 35 percent of the restoration goal; however, grasses have not yet recovered to the 2002 high of 90,000 acres. Blue crab abundance continued to be low -- at 78 percent of the 200 million interim target, the stock is not rebuilding as had been anticipated. Striped bass populations remained high but face uncertain health, while native oyster populations continue to be at depressed levels.
The reasons for the continued poor health of the Bay are described in Chapter Two: Factors Impacting Bay and Watershed Health. The Chesapeake is affected by multiple factors -- ranging from population growth to agricultural runoff to climate variability -- that challenge the ecosystem's recovery. If current development trends continue, an additional 250,000 acres of watershed land will become impervious between 2000 and 2010 and 9.5 million more acres of forests will be threatened by development by 2030.
“It's easy to see from this data that much more needs to be done to accelerate the pace of implementation if we are to succeed in cleaning up the Bay and its rivers,” said Jeff Lape, director of the Chesapeake Bay Program. “Not only do we need major actions to accelerate implementation, but we also must grow smarter and greener to protect our local waterways and the Bay.”
Despite several months of extremes, total river flow to the Bay was very close to the long-term average during the 2007 water year (October 2006 through September 2007). Provisional estimates indicate that approximately 318 million pounds of nitrogen reached the Bay during the 2007 water year, which was similar to the average load for 1990-2007 but almost double the restoration target of 175 million pounds. Reducing nutrient and sediment pollution is the key to restoring water quality for fish, crabs and oysters.
“The Bay continues to be bombarded by excess nitrogen, which contributes to harmful algal blooms and low oxygen levels for fish and crabs,” said Carlton Haywood, chair of the Bay Program's Monitoring and Assessment Subcommittee and director for program operations at the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. “This trend is eroding the Bay's resiliency and must be reversed.”
Chapter Three: Restoration Efforts highlights Bay Program partners' progress toward reducing pollution, restoring habitats, managing fisheries, protecting watersheds and fostering stewardship. The partners have achieved approximately one-half of goals to control nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment from agricultural lands, as well as 69 percent of nitrogen and 87 percent of phosphorus reduction goals for wastewater. However, pollution from urban and suburban lands and septic systems continues to grow due to rapid population growth and related development.
Bay Program partners continued to make progress toward goals to open fish passage, restore forest buffers and preserve land in 2007. The partners have re-opened 2,266 miles of freshwater stream habitat to migratory fish and planted 5,722 miles of forested buffers. Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia have permanently preserved 6.88 million acres of land -- nearly completing the 2010 goal to preserve 20 percent of their combined land within the Chesapeake watershed.
“The partnership should be proud of its past restoration accomplishments and its drive and commitment to achieve these goals,” said Lape. “It is imperative that the partners accelerate implementation by moving forward on their ‘champion' issues and meeting other challenges with increased determination.”
At the December 2007 Chesapeake Executive Council meeting, each Bay jurisdiction chose to “champion” issues vital to restore their streams, rivers and Bay waters. “Champion” issues include enhancing agricultural conservation practices, engaging local governments in upstream communities and “greening” urban areas through improved stormwater controls. The outcomes of these projects and programs are intended to be models for restoration that can be used in other areas of the watershed.
New to the assessment this year is a chapter on the health of the Bay watershed's extensive network of freshwater streams and rivers. The presence and diversity of snails, mussels, insects and other freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities are good indicators of stream health because of their limited mobility and known responses to environmental stressors. As a result, these communities are often used as indicators of the general health of freshwater streams and rivers.
Separately, the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) today released its 2007 Chesapeake Bay Health Report Card, a geographically-based assessment of the health of the Bay examining conditions in 2007. The UMCES Report Card shows that 2007 ecological conditions in the Bay were slightly better than the previous year, but far below what is needed for a healthy Bay.