Eastern Garter Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

The eastern garter snake is a common terrestrial snake. It is known for the three white or yellow stripes that run down the length of its back.

Quick Facts

Species Type

Native

Size

18 to 26 inches in length

Habitat

Wide range of habitats, including forests, meadows, fields and marshes; the margins of creeks, rivers, ponds and lakes; drainage ditches and suburban gardens; and urban lots, parks and cemeteries

Range

Found throughout the eastern United States from north of the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and west to Minnesota and east Texas. Present throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Diet

Earthworms, millipedes, spiders, insects, salamanders, small fish, frogs and toads

Lifespan

3 to 4 years

Conservation Status

Stable

Appearance

Adult eastern garter snakes grow to 18 to 26 inches long with keeled (ridged) scales and variation in their coloration and patterns. Their backs are dark brown, green or olive-colored with a distinct yellow or white stripe running down the center. This center stripe is often paralleled by two less distinct white, yellow, brown, green or bluish stripes, although occasionally individuals appear all black with no stripes.

The area between the stripes is often a checkerboard pattern of black or green spots. Some individuals have red or orange on the skin between their dorsal scales. The snake's unmarked belly is cream-colored to yellowish green.

Feeding

These snakes feed during the day on earthworms, millipedes, spiders, insects, salamanders, small fish, frogs and toads.

Predators

Predators include hawks, skunks, raccoons, larger snakes and bullfrogs.

Reproduction and Life Cycle

Eastern garter snakes mate in spring after emerging from winter hibernation. A single female may be courted by several males simultaneously, forming a "breeding ball." Unlike most snakes, garter snakes do not lay eggs. Females give birth to a litter of 10 to 40 live young in summer. Young are five to nine inches long at birth. Garter snakes typically live 3 to 4 years.

Did You Know?

  • Garter snakes are non-venomous, but can be fairly aggressive and will readily strike and bite, sometimes causing an allergic reaction in humans.
  • If handled or attacked, they will release a foul-smelling musk.
  • In Feburary 2016, Virginia named the eastern garter snake its state snake, beating out the timber rattlesnake for the honor.

Sources and Additional Information

Tags:
Reptiles & Amphibians Reptiles Forests & Uplands