An “impossible” stream to restore

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The Maryland Conservation Corps removes invasive garlic mustard and tree of heaven at a stream restoration spanning 1,500 linear feet and five acres of forested wetland at Harbour Center in Annapolis in 2016. (Photos by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)

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Students from St. Andrew's Day School in Edgewater, Md., bring native bur-reed plants to the site the restored stream. The National Aquarium partnered with South River Federation for the field trip.

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Kristen Reilly and other volunteers clear trash from a former homeless camp at Harbour Center in 2016. A Project Clean Stream event removed large amounts of trash from the site earlier that year.

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Kirk Mantay, then-director of restoration at South River Federation, examines a magnolia tree at the Harbour Center restoration. Based on a buried soil layer, he theorizes the area was once a magnolia bog.

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Nancy Merrill of South River Federation shows a young volunteer how to plant wetland plants. Mantay said research has shown its better to plant in clumps instead of even rows.

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Merrill said skunk cabbage, a native wetland plant, returned to the restored site after just a few weeks. Raising the water table with step pools helps slow the water down and spread it out, reducing erosion.

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A student volunteer navigates stone comprising step pools at Harbour Center. “The amount of biomass and biodiversity really increases pretty dramatically with these step pools.”

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Autumn leaves fall into the stream at the Harbour Center restoration. Early monitoring last year showed a rise in fish species found in Church Creek, from 28 to 197 at another restoration below Harbour Center.

by Taylor Stark

November 20, 2017

A small, serene stream is tucked into the woods between two bustling shopping centers and a busy highway in Annapolis, Maryland. Although hidden, the declining health of this stream had raised concern for several years, causing many to doubt its ability to flourish again.

Meet the “impossible stream,” located near the Annapolis Harbour shopping center and one of four waterways that drains into Church Creek, the most impaired tributary of the South River. The creek faces many challenges in addition to the degrading quality of upstream waterways. Along its path, Church Creek encounters an abundance of developed land, including, more than 70 percent impervious surface. This means that stormwater draining into Church Creek, then the South River and eventually the Chesapeake Bay, is filled with sediment and other pollutants. In order to save Church Creek, the Annapolis Harbour Center stream had to be restored.

“Scientists have explained that creeks with 50 percent impervious surfaces are beyond the tipping point in that they need considerable intervention to be restored. Eighty percent impervious surface is crazy,” said Nancy Merrill-Sullivan, program outreach coordinator at South River Foundation. “We just wanted the creek to be functional again.” 

The South River Federation partnered with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Anne Arundel County and the Chesapeake Bay Trust 15 years ago to begin a wide-scale restoration initiative to save Church Creek. This was a massive undertaking, encompassing 15 total restoration projects, including this one located behind the Annapolis Harbour Center.

“Annapolis Harbour Center was South River Federation’s first large scale commercial property restoration site,” said Kate Fritz, executive director of the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay. “This became its cornerstone project over the years. There was a lot of dedication to this project.”

A leaky sewer line, invasive plants and a seven foot trash pile known as “Mt. Trashmoore” challenged the restoration team from the start. As they got further into the project, they encountered an area prone to flooding during storms, leading to trash accumulation and a massive amount of poison ivy covering the area, making it difficult to even reach the stream. Once they got there, they surveyed the stream and found a total of only 14 fish, which included eels and mosquito fish.

However, restoration persevered, and in 2016, after years of work, the partners created a plan and design for the project. Existing wetlands were expanded and then reconnected to the original floodplain to filter runoff, and step pools were put in place in order to help with the rapid flow of the stream. Volunteers planted thousands of native plants and trees to create forest buffers, which help protect the stream from stormwater runoff.

The ecosystem had a remarkable biological response to the restoration of the stream. Usually, it takes about two years to observe significant changes from a project of this magnitude; however, within eight months, the stream was resurveyed, counting 156 fish this time. There was also a resurgence of plants around the site, including skunk cabbage, which is an indicator of a healthy stream.

“We were not expecting such an increase in numbers in such a short time, especially for the stream’s condition,” said Merrill. “We’re almost at the two year mark since this project was completed and we have accomplished more than we ever thought possible with this site.”

This hard work has begun to pay off and is serving as an example for other restoration projects. For using new and innovative techniques to manage stormwater, the South River Federation received second place at the biennial BUBBA (Best Urban BMPs in the Bay Award) for Best Stream Restoration. But the work here is not quite finished. The team recently partnered with Smithsonian researchers to find out more about the health of the stream and biological condition concerning its water quality. Although the future is unknown, saving this stream doesn’t seem so impossible, after all.

View more photos of Church Creek restoration.