Brook Trout Action Team

Meetings

About

The Brook Trout Workgroup coordinates partners throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed with the goal of increasing brook trout occupied habitat, increasing brook trout abundance at long-term monitoring sites, and increasing the resilience of the strongest populations to environmental changes.

Our membership includes the governments of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New York as well as additional non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture (EBTJV), Trout Unlimited and Western Pennsylvania Conservancy.

How Do We Track Progress?

Our guiding principle is to meet the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement's Brook Trout Outcome. The workgroup uses existing data from state and federal government agencies, conservation districts and NGO partners to compile information on how much habitat is occupied by brook trout, monitor population abundance trends and track the total amount of projects reducing major stressors to brook trout throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Determining How Much Habitat Is Occupied By Brook Trout

In order to understand how much cold-water habitat is being occupied by brook trout, the workgroup leans on our partner Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture (EBTJV). EBTJV collects data from state agencies and utilizes a specialized algorithm to approximate occupancy throughout the watershed in their Range-Wide Assessment. It should be noted that the EBTJV assessment is not currently well suited to identifying site-specific occupancy changes over time but rather is a tool to understand landscape-level changes in habitat occupancy.

Additionally, the workgroup sends data calls to our partners in order to incorporate projects resulting in known gains to brook trout populations (as well as data on known losses) and apply these to the EBTJV approximation to better estimate changes to occupancy over time.

Monitoring Abundance Trends Through Our BTAMSs Network

Understanding where brook trout is is crucial to then understanding how we can implement management actions to increase their numbers. In 2025, the Brook Trout Workgroup committed to increasing brook trout abundance in at least 10 long-term monitoring sites. To do this, each state designated two primary Brook Trout Abundance Monitoring Sites (BTAMSs) to observe how environmental changes and management actions affect brook trout population numbers. With a better understanding of what actions can be taken to increase brook trout abundance, we can ensure the best populations are thriving and expanding into new habitat.

Combating Environmental Stressors

Brook trout used to be much more prevalent in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but because of both environmental and human-induced stressors, their numbers have significantly declined. We continue to see seasonal die backs of vulnerable populations and with storms and environmental changes only increasing in intensity, brook trout population stability is a growing concern. 

However, the Brook Trout Workgroup has committed to combatting stressors by encouraging restoration and conservation work within "healthy brook trout watersheds” (see below for how these are defined) to reduce identified stressors by 15%. To track our progress we will compare the amount of restoration happening on the ground to the baseline extent of the five identified threats to brook trout:

1. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Brook trout are extremely sensitive to poor water quality. Both old and new mining operations leach heavy metals into the streams where brook trout live. This changes the water's pH and can kill brook trout or limit them from expanding into new habitat. AMD remediation projects can reduce the effect of acidic heavy metals and relieve stress on brook trout habitat.
2. Sediment Run-off from Dirt and Gravel Roads: Sediment from dirt and gravel roads can run into cold-water streams, impacting habitat quality and stream temperature, negatively affecting brook trout. Projects improving these roads would redirect sediment runoff from being deposited into brook trout habitat.
3. Deforestation In Cold-Water Habitat: Brook trout are a cold-water species and prefer temperatures less than 72°F (17°C). Reduction in shade from deforestation has decreased the amount of cold-water habitat that brook trout can reside. Ensuring proper stream shading from planting trees along the stream’s edge decreases stream temperatures and increases water quality.
4. Fragmented Habitat: Dams and roads that cross over streams can be barriers that separate brook trout populations and restrict migration into suitable habitat. Ensuring barrier-free streams allows brook trout to colonize new habitat, maintain population health (e.g. genetics, number of individuals, and more), and seek refuge from other stressors, increasing population resiliency.
5. Development: Urbanization of brook trout watersheds could be the most significant stressor to their populations. With urbanization comes more roads, less trees, more urban runoff, and decreased water quality. The best way to combat this is to protect lands near brook trout habitat so they are not developed in the future.

How Do We Define Healthy Brook Trout Watersheds?

A few of our outcome's targets specify work to be done in "healthy brook trout watersheds", but how does the workgroup define these places? We utilize our partner, Trout Unlimited’s definition of brook trout strongholds and persistent patches.

Want to Learn More or Get Involved?

If you are interested in learning more about brook trout, the Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture’s webpage is a great resource to learn more about the species and the stressors to their persistence.

If you want to see state specific brook trout action plans, restoration priorities, or maps, refer to EBTJV’s Agency management plans and maps (states, tribes, federal) page.

If you are interested in joining the workgroup as either a member or interested party, or have any questions, please contact the workgroup staffer or workgroup chairs.

Projects

Publications

Related Resources

• Using Environmental DNA (eDNA) to Track Brook Trout Recovery in Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay - Raza, 2024

  A master's thesis on utilizing environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor the recovery of brook trout in the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay.

• The Importance of Scale: Assessing and Predicting Brook Trout Status in its Southern Native Range - Hudy et al., 2013

  A report on fine-scale occupancy data across the southern historic range of brook trout determines which landscape metrics and thresholds are useful in predicting brook trout presence across three relevant spatial scales and how brook trout occupancy varies by scale.

• EBTJV Salmonid Catchment Assessment and Habitat Patch Layers - Coombs and Nislow, 2015

  A step-by-step description of extending, standardizing and automating the salmonid status assessment.

• Range-wide Assessment of Brook Trout at the Catchment Scale: A Summary of Findings - 2016

  A revised summary of the EBTJV's range-wide assessment of brook trout at the catchment scale.

• Distribution, Status and Land Use Characteristics of Subwatersheds within the Native Range of Brook Trout - Hudy et al., 2008

  A report that examined and summarized existing knowledge regarding the distribution and status of self-sustaining populations of brook trout at the subwatershed scale.